Autism awareness month is observed every April to promote understanding and acceptance of autistic individuals throughout the world.
World Autism Awareness Day is an internationally recognised day annually on April 2. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability caused by differences in the brain.
Nemisha Hiraman, a behavioural analyst, play therapist and director of a Montessori, said autism is not a limitation, but a spectrum of unique strengths and challenges.
"By understanding and supporting individuals with autism, we can create an inclusive environment where everyone has the opportunity to thrive. Early intervention, community awareness, and collaborative efforts between families, educators, and specialists are essential in unlocking the full potential of each person on the spectrum," said Hiraman.
She said autism spectrum disorder was prevalent worldwide with research indicating that it is currently 1 in 100 children that are being diagnosed with autism.
"The exact cause of autism is not yet known, as research is ongoing. However, studies suggest that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may contribute to its development.
"Autism can often be detected as early as 18 months. However, as a therapist, I believe that a formal diagnosis should ideally occur after the age of three. This perspective is rooted in the understanding that the first six years of a child's life is a period of rapid development and growth. During this time, the brain exhibits remarkable neuroplasticity, which is its ability to reorganise and form new neural connections in response to experiences and learning," she said.
Hiraman, from Durban North, said if parents notice signs of limited eye contact, delayed speech, or repetitive behaviour, it is crucial to start therapy early.
"Early intervention leverages the brain's heightened neuroplasticity, enabling children to develop essential skills during this formative period. Therapy can play a pivotal role in shaping communication, social interaction, and cognitive abilities. For example, activities that encourage sensory integration, language development, and social engagement can help form vital neural pathways that support long-term growth," she said.
Hiraman said if a child is not meeting developmental milestones as expected and the parent suspects they may be autistic, they should reach out to professionals who can provide guidance and support.
"Seek advice from those who have experience in this area, and don’t let fear of judgment keep you from opening up. There is strength in sharing your concerns. As a first-time parent navigating the world of autism, it may feel overwhelming, like venturing into the unknown. Leaning on others, whether through support groups or connecting with other parents, can make a significant difference and provide the encouragement you need.
"Let’s work together to break the stigma surrounding autism and embrace the unique abilities your child brings to the world," said Hiraman.
She said autism awareness has come a long way, but there was still room for improvement.
"Efforts like Autism Awareness Month, educational campaigns, and community activities have helped foster understanding and acceptance. However, challenges remain, such as breaking the stigma, ensuring access to resources, and promoting inclusion in education and employment," she said.
Signs that parents should look out for to determine if their child could be autistic:
Parents should be attentive to early signs that may indicate autism, as early intervention can make a significant difference.
Some key signs to look out for include:
Social and communication challenges:
• Limited eye contact or difficulty responding to their name.
• Challenges in understanding or expressing emotions.
• Delayed speech development or loss of previously acquired speech skills.
• Difficulty engaging in back-and-forth conversations or interactions.
Repetitive behaviours and routines:
• Repetitive movements like hand flapping, rocking, or spinning.
• Strong attachment to specific routines and distress when those routines are disrupted.
• Intense, focused interest in certain topics, objects, or activities. Sensory sensitivities:
• Over-or under-reactivity to sensory stimuli, such as sounds, textures, lights, or smells.
• Discomfort with certain types of physical contact. Other indicators may include:
• Preference for playing alone rather than engaging with peers.
• Difficulty adapting to changes in environment or schedules.
• Unusual ways of playing with toys, such as lining them up rather than using them functionally.